The Court of Appeal addressed the complexities of benefit scheme amendments and the lines of responsibility within corporate structures in a complex case surrounding post-employment entitlements. A Mr. Fasano had been an employee of RB Health Ltd., a member of the Reckitt Benckiser (RB) Group of companies, until the 13th of June 2019. The RB Group operates a long-term incentive plan, or LTIP, which makes provision of shares or share options for senior personnel employed by its various companies.
On the 18th of September 2019, RB Group amended the terms of the 2015 LTIP, requiring those participating in the 2015 LTIP to be employed as of 18 September 2019 to benefit from amended performance conditions in May 2020. Thus, Mr. Fasano was not eligible for an award under the amended LTIP rules. Mr. Fasano brought his case against RB Health and the RB Group to a tribunal, alleging that he had been subjected to indirect discrimination on the grounds of age, contrary to Sections 19 and 39 of the Equality Act 2010.
However, the tribunal held that RB Group was acting as the agent of RB Health when it amended the terms of the rules of the 2015 LTIP and that the provision, criterion or practice (PCP) thus pursued a legitimate aim. On appeal, it was found that the PCP applied by RB Group was incapable of achieving any legitimate aim of retaining staff and thus was not justified. However, the appeal was ultimately dismissed as the RB Group was not acting as the agent of RB Health, and neither RB Health nor RB Group was liable by reason of Sections 109 and 110 of the Act.
The Court of Appeal dismissed the appeal and agreed with the appeals tribunal that RB Group was not acting as an agent for RB Health when it amended the performance conditions of the LTIP. Therefore, RB Health is not, therefore, liable for any change made by RB Group to the LTIP pursuant to Section 109 of the Act. The Judge emphasised that, for agency to exist under common law and therefore within the scope of the Act, there needs to be clear authorisation from the principal (RB Health) for the agent (RB Group) to act on its behalf as regards a third party, such as Mr. Fasano. The fact that RB Health's employees benefited from the LTIP didn't automatically make RB Group its agent, although there might have been a different outcome if the rules had been applied by an employer to current employees.
This case demonstrates that, if a parent company, rather than the direct employer, makes a discriminatory decision regarding benefits, it might be harder to hold the direct employer liable under agency principles. Nonetheless, employers need to ensure that any performance-related policies are justifiable in their aim and implementation and non-discriminatory.
